Differentiate medical and surgical asepsis

When this type of injury occurs, which is called a transient ischemic attack, language abilities may return in a few hours or days. Sometimes, blood flow to the brain is temporarily interrupted and quickly restored. Others may have difficulty naming objects even though they know what the object is and what it may be used for (anomic aphasia). Some people may have difficulty repeating words and sentences even though they understand them and can speak fluently (conduction aphasia). There are other types of aphasia, each of which results from damage to different language areas in the brain. They may have trouble understanding even simple words and sentences. They may be unable to say even a few words or may repeat the same words or phrases over and over again. Individuals with global aphasia have severe communication difficulties and may be extremely limited in their ability to speak or comprehend language. Because of this, they are often aware of their difficulties and can become easily frustrated.ДЄnother type of aphasia, global aphasia, results from damage to extensive portions of the language areas of the brain. They often omit small words, such as 'is,' 'and' and 'the.'ДЇor example, a person with Broca's aphasia may say, 'Walk dog,' meaning, 'I will take the dog for a walk,' or 'book book two table,' for 'There are two books on the table.' People with Broca's aphasia typically understand the speech of others fairly well. People with Broca's aphasia may understand speech and know what they want to say, but they frequently speak in short phrases that are produced with great effort.

They often have right-sided weakness or paralysis of the arm and leg because the frontal lobe is also important for motor movements. People with Broca's aphasia have damage that primarily affects the frontal lobe of the brain. The most common type of nonfluent aphasia is Broca's aphasia (see figure). Another hallmark of this type of aphasia is difficulty understanding speech. People with Wernicke's aphasia are often unaware of their spoken mistakes. People with Wernicke's aphasia may speak in long, complete sentences that have no meaning, adding unnecessary words and even creating made-up words.ДЇor example, someone with Wernicke's aphasia may say, 'You know that smoodle pinkered and that I want to get him round and take care of him like you want before.'ДЄs a result, it is often difficult to follow what the person is trying to say. There are two broad categories of aphasia: fluent and nonfluent, and there are several types within these groups.Дamage to the temporal lobe of the brain may result in Wernicke's aphasia (see figure), the most common type of fluent aphasia. Other causes of brain injury are severe blows to the head, brain tumors, gunshot wounds, brain infections, and progressive neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.ДЄreas of the brain affected by Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia What types of aphasia are there? Brain cells die when they do not receive their normal supply of blood, which carries oxygen and important nutrients. A stroke occurs when a blood clot or a leaking or burst vessel cuts off blood flow to part of the brain.

Most often, the cause of the brain injury is a stroke. What causes aphasia?ДЄphasia is caused by damage to one or more of the language areas of the brain. About 1 million people in the United States currently have aphasia, and nearly 180,000 Americans acquire it each year, according to the National Aphasia Association. Most people who have aphasia are middle-aged or older, but anyone can acquire it, including young children. Aphasia may co-occur with speech disorders, such as dysarthria or apraxia of speech, which also result from brain damage. The disorder impairs the expression and understanding of language as well as reading and writing. Aphasia usually occurs suddenly, often following a stroke or head injury, but it may also develop slowly, as the result of a brain tumor or a progressive neurological disease. For most people, these areas are on the left side of the brain.

Congressional Testimony and the NIDCD BudgetДЄphasia is a disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language.

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Differentiate medical and surgical asepsis